I. Boima ba Rockwell (HR)
Tobetsa mona bakeng sa lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le lihlahisoa tsa rona.
1. Molao-motheo

U sebelisa khoune ea daemane (e nang le sekhutlo sa 120°) kapa bolo ea tšepe (e nang le bophara ba 1.59mm kapa 3.18mm) e le indenter, e hatelle holim'a thepa tlas'a ketso ea mojaro oa pele le mojaro o moholo. Boleng ba thata bo baloa ho latela botebo ba indenter—ha indenter e tebile, boleng ba thata bo ba tlase.

2. Litšobotsi

- Lebelo le potlakileng la teko le ts'ebetso e bonolo, e loketseng tlhahlobo ea sehlopha.
- E khona ho leka thepa ea ho thatafala e mahareng ho isa ho e phahameng.
- Likala tse ngata lia fumaneha ho latela boima ba thepa:
- HRA: E sebelisa mojaro oa 60kg le daemane indenter, e loketseng thepa e thata haholo joalo ka li-carbide tse samentetsoeng.
- HRB: E sebelisa mojaro oa 100kg le tšepe e kenang ka hare ho tšepe, e loketseng tšepe e bonolo, litšepe tse kopantsoeng tsa koporo, litšepe tse kopantsoeng tsa aluminium, jj.
- HRC: E sebelisa mojaro oa 150kg le daemane indenter, e loketseng tšepe e timmeng, li-alloy tse thata haholo, jj.

3. Litšebeliso tse Tloaelehileng

E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa teko e potlakileng ea ho thatafala ha lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tse kang lisebelisoa tsa ho seha, li-bearing, li-gear le likarolo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe.

II. Boima ba Brinell (HBW)

1. Molao-motheo

Bolo e thata ea motsoako oa bophara bo itseng (hangata 10mm) e hatelloa holim'a thepa tlas'a mojaro o boletsoeng, 'me boleng ba thata bo baloa ho latela bophara ba ho kenella.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea Brinell Hardness:

- HBS: E sebelisa tšepe e sa keneleng tšepe, e loketseng thepa e thata ≤ 450 HB, joalo ka tšepe e bonolo, tšepe e putsoa le litšepe tse se nang ferrous.
- HBW: E sebelisa indenter ea bolo e thata ea alloy, e loketseng thepa e thata ≤ 650 HB, 'me ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa litekanyetso tsa sejoale-joale.

2. Litšobotsi

- Liphetho tse tsitsitseng le ho pheta-pheta ho hotle.
- E loketse litšepe tse bonolo ho isa ho tse mahareng tse thata.
- Ho kobeha ha lerako ho hoholo, kahoo ha hoa lokela likarolo tse nang le mabota a masesaane kapa tse nyane.

3. Litšebeliso tse Tloaelehileng

Teko ea ho thatafala ha thepa e tala le likarolo tse sebetsitsoeng ka thata, tse kang tšepe e annealed, tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, le litšepe tse seng tsa ferrous le metsoako ea tsona.

III. Boima ba Vickers (HV)

1. Molao-motheo

Sekoere sa taemane sa piramite se nang le sekhutlo sa apex sa 136° se sebediswa ho hatella bokahodimo ba thepa tlasa mojaro o itseng, mme boleng ba thata bo balwa ho latela bolelele ba diagonale ba sekoere.

2. Litšobotsi

- Ho nepahala ho hoholo: Ho nolofalletsa ho lekanya ho thatafala ho nepahetseng, esita le bakeng sa libaka tse nyane haholo (mohlala, libaka tse nyane tsa thepa).
- Mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso: E loketse lisebelisoa tsa liteko ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea thatafalo, ho tloha ho litšepe tse bonolo (joalo ka li-alloy tsa aluminium) ho ea ho lisebelisoa tse thata haholo (joalo ka li-carbide tse samentetsoeng).
- Ho kobeha hanyane: Ho kobeha ho honyenyane ho setseng holim'a thepa ho qoba ho senya mesebetsi, e leng se etsang hore e be sebaka se loketseng bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le mabota a masesaane, liphahlo tsa bokaholimo, le liteko tsa ho thatafala ha sebaka se senyenyane.

3. Litšebeliso tse Tloaelehileng

E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa teko ea boima ba likarolo tse nepahetseng, liphahlo tsa bokaholimo le maqephe a masesaane—mohlala, tekanyo ea boima ba liphahlo tsa khetla ea mohala oa thekeng ho netefatsa ho hanyetsa ho tsofala. Ho feta moo, ke ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa mahlale bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boima ba libaka tse nyenyane haholo, joalo ka teko ea boima ba meeli ea lijo-thollo le meeli ea mekhahlelo thepa ho ithuta thepa ea microscopic.

4. Papiso ea Mekhoa e Meraro ea Teko ea ho Tiea

5. Kakaretso
Mekhoa e meraro ea teko ea ho thatafala e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le melemo ea eona. Mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa o lokela ho khethoa ka botlalo ho latela litšobotsi tsa thepa, sebopeho sa sampole, mefuta ea ho thatafala le litlhoko tse nepahetseng ho fumana liphetho tse utloahalang ka ho fetisisa tsa liteko.

Tobetsa mona bakeng sa lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le lihlahisoa tsa rona.